While its safe to say that macOS is more stable than Windows, it can still be affected by issues that prevent your computer from booting up.

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In such cases, you might need to boot your Mac from a USB flash drive to fix the problem.

The drive will have to contain a version of the OS that is compatible with the Mac.

As long as you have the bootable installation USB, you can start your Mac from the USB by accessing the Startup Manager.

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If there is a firmware password on your Mac, hold down the Option key until youre asked to enter that password.

If you click on the Up arrow right below the icon for the USB, the computer will only startup once using this disk.

It will appear as EFI Boot, and it works on all computers running macOS 10.9 or higher.

This will allow the system to automatically detect and repair directory issues.

Recovery Mode will only allow required kernel extensions to load, preventing login items and startup items to load automatically.

It can also help you isolate the issue depending on whether or not the issue goes away in Recovery Mode.

If the issues you have during normal startup dont show up in Recovery Mode, they are most likely fixed.

That means you can reboot normally and your system should be back to normal.

In the window that opens, click on System Report You should be able to see this.

If you are unable to select a different startup disk, its possible that your disk is not showing up in Startup Manager.

If you try Method 1 above but dont see your USB drive listed there, it could mean one of the following problems.

That means you wont be able to see it in the Startup Manager so, of course, you wont be able to boot from it.

In such cases, you may need to burn a compatible macOS version on USB drive in order to be able to boot Mac from it.

In this situation, restart your Mac and hold down the Command R keys when you see the Apple logo.

Under External Boot, select the second option - Allow Booting from External Media.

If the USB contains Option ROM firmware, you will need to press those keys everytime to boot from your pen drive.